Guidelines for Taking Wood Samples from Objects of Antiquity

(These are best-case scenario guidelines, and should be followed when possible.)

Where To Sample

· In an unexposed area of the object that is not structurally crucial.

· In an area of straight grain, free from knots and burls.

· Please avoid areas such as nail/nail holes, labels or signatures, saw or drill marks, joinery or beneath hardware.

What To Sample

· Secondary woods (structural or from hidden areas).

· Any parts of the object which one is uncertain about.

· Any parts of the object which superficially appears to be made of different wood.

How To Sample

· Sample Size*

· Softwoods (pine, spruce, fir, etc.) - at least match stick size (2mm X 2mm X 15mm with the grain).

· Hardwoods (oak, walnut, sweet gum, etc.)- at least pencil eraser size (5mm X 5mm X 20mm with the grain).

· Tropical Woods (Mahogany, Sabicu, Astronium, etc.) - at least a ½” cube.

· Sample Integrity*

· Samples should be free from, irregular grain, punky or rotted areas and insect holes.

· Samples should be taken in one, solid piece. Small flakes are unacceptable.

· Sample Taking

· Use a stout, very sharp knife or a ¼” chisel.

· Make first cut across the grain and about ¼” deep. (Figure A on web-site)

· Make second cut across the grain, at least ¼” away from first cut. (B on web-site)

· Align the chisel with the grain, between the first two cuts and about ¼” below the edge of the wood. (C on web-site)

· Insert the chisel and twist to pry or pop the sample out. (C on web-site)

· Sample Preparation

· Place each sample in a coin envelope and mark the envelope with the name of the object and from where it came.

· Place sample envelopes in a padded mailer to avoid crushing in the mail.

· Include a check for $50.00 per sample, made out to AIS or Alden Identification Service.

*It is crucial to follow these parts of the guideline, to allow for an accurate identification.